Republic Act No. 1789

It shall be the policy of the Government of the Philippines to utilize all reparations payments procured in whatever form from Japan under the terms of the Reparations Agreement between the Republic of the Philippines and Japan signed on May nine, nineteen hundred and fifty-six, in such manner as shall assure the maximum possible economic benefit to the Filipino people and in as equitable and widespread a manner as possible.

To implement the policy declared in Section one hereof, the procurement, disposition and utilization of all goods and services procured from Japan under the terms of the Reparations Agreement shall be carried out as closely as possible to promote the economic rehabilitation and development of the country and in accordance with the broad program, criteria and priorities established but the National Economic Council, in addition to the following criteria:

The proceeds from the sale of reparations goods and utilization of services (excluding the sum referred to in Section two par.

Unless otherwise provided in this Act, the services to be procured from Japan shall be limited to such services of Japanese technicians as are needed in the installation of the capital goods and in the initial operation thereof, and in other specialized fields in industry and agriculture, and such services shall continue only as long as there exists definite need therefor: Provided, That the services of the Japanese technicians concerned shall be utilized within one month after their arrival in the Philippines: Provided, further, That no Japanese technicians shall be allowed to enter the Philippines if any qualified and equally competent Filipino citizen is available for the work to be performed by the Japanese technician: Provided, finally, That the entry of Japanese technicians shall be subject to the immigration laws, rules and regulations.

The Commission shall administer the acquisition, utilization and distribution of reparations goods and/or services subject to the provisions of the Reparations Agreement and this Act. In line with the overall economic program and the policy set in this Act, the Commission shall prepare and submit for the approval of the President of the Philippines, upon recommendation of the National Economic Council, (a) a five-year reparations program to be revised yearly as conditions warrant consisting of a broad list of eligible projects, undertakings or activities, of which the first year shall be made as firm as possible and in sufficient detail to form the preliminary basis for the schedule of goods and services called for in Article four of the Reparations Agreement;

Provided, however, That the Commission may submit proposed amendments to the rules and regulations, the reparations program and the yearly schedule, as circumstances in the future may require, for approval of the President of the Philippines, upon recommendation by the National Economic Council.

In addition, the Commission shall have the following specific powers, functions, and duties:

The Mission shall be, pursuant to paragraph one, Article seven, of the Reparations Agreement, the sole and exclusive agent of the Philippine Government in Japan charged with the implementation of the said Agreement, including the conclusion and performance of reparations contracts, and as such shall serve as the procurement branch of the Commission and shall undertake the procurement of all goods and services requisitioned from reparations by the Commission, including calling for bids, verification of bids against approved plans and specifications, inspections, award and contracts and supervision of shipment to the Philippines, subject to the direct supervision and control of the Commission: Provided, That the Mission shall cooperate with and, in appropriate cases, consult the Embassy where its work requires high level diplomatic intervention beyond its powers. To this and the Mission shall keep the Embassy fully informed of its activities, maintain constant liaison therewith and furnish it with copies of its reports to the Commission.

In addition, the Mission shall have the following specific powers, functions and duties:

The Commission shall provide itself with a competent technical staff to determine the soundness and technical feasibility of projects involved in applications for reparations goods and services, evaluate them in accordance with the criteria or program approved by the National Economic Council, evaluate plans and/or specifications in terms of suitability for bidding purposes, and submit its findings and recommendations for appropriate action by the Commission. The Mission in Japan shall likewise be provided with a competent staff of engineers, inspectors and economists, supplemented wherever and whenever necessary by use of inspection and testing services of internationally recognized licensed commercial organizations, in order to insure compliance with plans and specifications. Until such time as the Commission and the Mission shall have their own trained technicians, the technical staffs of other government offices or institutions shall be utilized and the corresponding expenditures shall be provided for in the budget of the Commission and the Mission.

The Commission shall prepare and submit for approval by the President of the Philippines its plantilla and annual budget for the first year. Thereafter, the Commission shall prepare and submit through the Budget Commission to the President of the Philippines for inclusion in the budget to be submitted to Congress, its plantilla and annual budget: Provided, That the preparation of the plantilla and the portion of the budget pertaining to the Mission shall be made upon the recommendation of the Chief of the Mission. That portion of the budget of the Mission payable in Japanese yen shall be included in the agreed schedule. All financial transactions of the Commission and the Mission shall be subject to existing budgetary and fiscal controls, including accounting and auditing as provided by law.

The funds for the approved budget of the Commission shall be taken out of the proceeds from reparations by imposing a service fee not greater than two percent on all transactions except those where government agencies are the end-users of reparations goods and services. For its initial operating fund the Commission is hereby authorized to obtain from the Central Bank temporary advances not exceeding a total sum of P1,000,000, which shall be reimbursed out of the proceeds from reparations.

As a general rule, reparations goods shall be procured on an f.o.b. (free-on-board) Japanese port basis: Provided, That the Mission may, if circumstances so warrant, procure such goods on c. and f. (cost and freight) Philippine port, or c.i.f. (cost, insurance and freight) Philippine port basis, in which case the suppliers shall be required to quote separately expenses for freight. When reparations goods shall be paid in installments, only the f.o.b. cost thereof, exclusive of the insurance, ocean freight and other expenses incident to importation shall be considered in computing the amount of the installments. The insurance shall be obtained from domestic insurance companies hereinafter qualified in this Section subject to the condition that no dollar remittance would be involved: Provided, That if domestic insurance companies cannot cover, whether wholly or partially , such insurance without any dollar remittance, then such insurance may be obtained from any foreign insurance company having a reinsurance agreement with a domestic insurance company, with preference to entities wholly or substantially owned by Filipino citizens, the order to preference to be determined in accordance with the proportionate participation of Filipino capital in such domestic entities but in no case shall such insurance be obtained if the Filipino participation in the capital of the domestic insurance company is less than sixty percent. The insurance, ocean freight and other expenses incident to importation shall be paid by the end-user in accordance with usual business practices. As much as possible, in the transportation of reparations goods from Japan to the Philippines, carriers of Philippine Registry shall be preferred. The inspection and testing of reparations goods, whether intended for the government or for the private sector, shall be undertaken only by agencies specifically designated by the Philippine Government through the Mission. Nothing herein shall be construed as exempting the end-user from paying in full all the necessary costs, charges and expenses incident to the application for, and the procurement, production, delivery and acquisition of, the goods concerned.

Capital goods and complementary services intended for non-revenue producing government projects shall be transferred to the agencies concerned without cost, and those intended for revenue producing government projects at cost. Capital goods and complementary services disposed of to private parties as provided for in subsection (a) of Section two hereof shall be sold on a cash or credit basis, under rules and regulations as may be determined by the Commission. Sales on a credit basis shall be payable in installments: Provided, That the first installment shall be paid within twenty-four months after complete delivery of the capital goods and the balance within a period not exceeding ten years, at landed cost or at factory cost if delivery is ex-factory, plus the service fee provided for in section ten hereof: Provided, further, That the unpaid balance of the price thereof shall bear interest at the rate of not more than three percent per annum. Goods other than capital goods procured as reparations shall be sold for cash only at prevailing market prices for similar goods.

In all transactions involving the transfer of capital goods and/or services from reparations to the authorized private parties specified in this Act, the sale shall be directly to end-users and not through middlemen. The contract of sale shall bear the conditions that no capital goods thus acquired shall be resold, leased or in any other manner disposed of within five years from the date of acquisition except when the resale, lease, or other disposition is to Filipino citizens or to entities wholly owned by Filipino citizens, who shall continue the utilization thereof in the projects for which the goods were originally intended or in similar projects included in the economic development program of a similar priority, subject, however, to the further condition that the resale, lease or other disposition is approved by the Commission, on good and reasonable grounds, such as death or bankruptcy of the original buyer. It shall include the further condition that groups, associations and corporations which are recipients of such goods shall not permit subsequent change in ownership or control as shall at any time after change the control or ownership wholly held therein by Filipino citizens. It shall further contain a provision that any transfer of ownership, whether by virtue of a private contract or through court proceedings, shall be to Filipino citizens or entities wholly owned by Filipino citizens who shall begin utilizing them in such projects as the National Economic Council shall determine within one year from notice of the Council's decision.

In evaluating bids received from prospective manufacturers and suppliers of reparations goods and services or in negotiations with the Government of Japan for the procurement of goods and services not to be procured through contracts, the Mission in Japan shall consider as a basis for award such factors as (1) prevailing export prices in Japan for similar goods and services, (2) world market prices for similar goods and services, (3) delivery dates, and (4) availability of spare parts and service arrangements. In all awards of contracts, and in accordance with commercial practice normally observed in such transactions, the Mission shall require the awardee to provide a suitable guarantee for faithful performance of the contract.

All reparations goods obtained by the government shall be exempt from the payment of all duties, fees and taxes. Reparations goods obtained by private parties shall be exempt only from the payment of customs duties, consular fees and the special import tax.

Reparations should be regarded as part of the foreign exchange resources and should be allocated as part of the foreign exchange budget, according to principles and priorities laid down for foreign exchange policy as a whole.

In order that the foreign exchange budget and the time-table for implementing the economic development program may not be adversely affected in case the aggregate value of reparations goods and services may fall in any years substantially below the yearly totals envisioned in the Reparations Agreement, it is hereby provided that if at the end of any year during the effectivity of the said Agreement it is found that the aggregate value of the reparations goods and services received during that year is lower by fifteen per cent or more than the average yearly total receivable for that year under the same, provided that the deficiency is not due to a lack of demand on the part of the Philippine Government, the Central Bank of the Philippines shall reduce the allocation for the ensuing year of foreign exchange for the importation of Japanese goods and services not chargeable to reparations by an amount equal to the difference between the aggregate value of reparations goods and services actually received and the applicable average total annual amount provided for in the Agreement, and the Central Bank shall then make the corresponding foreign exchange available for importation from other sources of the goods and services that would have been received under reparations but were not received.

Reparations payments to be made by the Japanese Government to the Philippine Government shall be deposited in any authorized Japanese foreign exchange bank as the official depository of the Philippine Government in Japan, which may be ready, willing and able to help finance the reparations requirement of the Philippine Government to the extent not covered or coverable by Japanese Government payments in any single year, at the prevailing rate of discount and for a period of time not exceeding the period of reparations payments. The Mission shall, subject to the approval of the Commission, designate the Japanese banks which shall act as official depositories of the Philippine Government in Japan.

The Commission shall conduct field examinations and evaluate actual utilization of reparations goods and services obtained. It shall submit to the President of the Philippines, to the Senate through its President, to the House of Representatives through its Speaker, and to the National Economic Council through its Chairman, an annual report of the status and progress of the distribution and utilization of reparations, including an analysis of results and whatever recommendations are necessary. The Commission may also be requested to prepare such other periodical reports as may be necessary.

It shall be the policy of the Philippine Government not to authorize any development loan in capital goods under the executive agreement contained in the exchange of notes on development loans, where such capital goods can be procured by way of reparations. Pursuant thereto the Commission shall not authorize, sanction or abet any development loan in capital goods, where such capital goods are procurable by way of reparations.

The Commission shall determine the fields of investment in the various industries for which the loans may be granted under the criteria and priorities established in the economic development program of the government. In determining the field of investment for which development loans may be granted, the Commission shall include and give priority to private financial institutions and industries liquidated and commandeered by the Japanese Imperial Army of occupation and/or Japanese military administration and which private financial institutions and industries have not as yet been rehabilitated or otherwise granted benefits: Provided, That the activities to be financed with such loans shall not result in unwise depletion of the country's natural resources: And Provided, further, That the recipients of such loans shall be Filipino citizens or entities wholly owned by Filipino citizens. To such effect, it shall be the duty of the Commission:

Any person violating this provision shall be subject to the penalty provided in subsection (c) of this section.

In all cases in which any provision of this Act requires Philippine or any other specific citizenship as a requisite for the exercise or enjoyment of right, franchise, privilege, reparations goods, machinery, equipment or services, of whatever nature, any citizen of the Philippines or of any other specific country who allows his name or citizenship to be used for the purpose of evading such provision, and any alien or foreigner profiting thereby, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than five nor more than fifteen years, and by a fine of not less than the value of the right, franchise, privilege, reparations goods, machinery, equipment or services, which is enjoyed or acquired in violation of the provisions hereof but in no case less than ten thousand pesos. In all cases of violations hereof, the pertinent provisions of Commonwealth Act Numbered one hundred eight, as amended by Republic Act Numbered One hundred thirty-four and Republic Act Numbered Eleven hundred thirty, whenever applicable, are hereby extended thereto.